People with cancer commonly develop constipation, especially when opioids (narcotic pain medications) are being used. Bowel movements can become infrequent, hard, and small in volume. It is important to address these problems early and avoid letting this become a problem.
Constipation can develop because of inactivity, some pain medications, changes in eating habits, lack of fluids or fiber, and or depression. Excessive use of laxatives for constipation can cause problems, too, and can result in the colon being less sensitive to its intrinsic reflexes, so always discuss use of laxatives with your nurse and doctor.
Your goals
- Prevent constipation and recognize symptoms early.
- Get professional help when needed.
Important signs and symptoms to report to your doctor or nurse
- Distended abdomen or abdominal pain
- No bowel movement for more than two to three days
- Dizziness or confusion
- Back pain
- Leaking stool
- Fever
- Lack of bowel movements, combined with nausea and vomiting
What you can do at home
- Drink plenty of fluid. Try to drink at least eight cups of liquid daily. Drinking hot water upon rising in the morning can stimulate the bowels.
- Eat food high in fiber when possible. These foods include fruits, figs, dates, prunes or prune juice, vegetables, and grains. Ask your nurse if you would like a consultation with the dietician.
- If you are taking pain medication, ask your doctor or nurse about the use of laxatives and stool softeners.
- Keep as physically active as possible.
- Ask your nurse or doctor if you need a laxative.
